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Brazil National Biofuels Policy

Brazil National Biofuels Policy: Brazil’s RenovaBio regime mandates decarbonisation targets for fuel distributors via CBIO compliance under Law 13,576/2017

Maílis Carrilho
Written by Maílis Carrilho
Updated on February 9th, 2026

Summary

Law No. 13,576/2017 (RenovaBio) establishes Brazil’s national biofuels policy and creates mandatory annual decarbonization targets for the fuel market, operationalized through individual distributor targets and Decarbonization Credits (CBIOs). Fuel distributors must demonstrate target achievement by holding sufficient CBIOs, while producers and importers participate through certification and credit issuance mechanisms.

Details

Jurisdictions
  • Brazil
Mandatory for

Fuel distributors: must meet individual annual targets and demonstrate achievement via CBIO holdings.

Producers/importers seeking CBIO issuance must obtain and maintain certification and comply with issuance rules and time limits.

Exemptions

Regulation may authorize reduction of a distributor’s individual target under specified circumstances (for example, linked to supply agreements), but these are conditional and require documentary substantiation.

Carryover is capped and conditional (15% rule), and cannot be treated as a broad exemption.

Deep dive

4 min read
Published Feb 9, 2026

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What’s Required

1) Annual national target setting and distributor-level obligations
RenovaBio requires annual mandatory targets for reducing GHG emissions for fuel trading, defined under regulation and designed over a minimum ten-year horizon. These targets are broken down into individual targets for each fuel distributor, proportional to their market share in fossil fuel trading in the prior year.

Distributor compliance mechanism:
A distributor’s compliance is verified based on the number of CBIOs it holds on a date defined in the regulation. This makes CBIO position management and reconciliation a direct compliance function, not a voluntary procurement activity.

2) Limited carryover flexibility
Up to 15% of a distributor’s individual target for one year may be demonstrated in the subsequent year, provided the distributor proved full achievement for the previous year, creating a controlled flexibility mechanism, but also an audit point that regulators can test.

3) Biofuel certification and CBIO issuance requirements for producers/importers
CBIO issuance is tied to certified production/import efficiency based on life-cycle assessment and energy-environmental efficiency ratings. Certificates of Efficient Production of Biofuels can be valid up to four years and renewable, with rules for granting, renewal, suspension, and cancellation set by regulation.

Primary issuance occurs through bookkeeping/registration agents upon issuer request and must be made within 60 days of the invoice, after which the right to issue CBIOs expires for that transaction, making operational discipline in issuance requests a compliance-critical workflow.

4) Trading and market participation rules
CBIOs are traded in organized markets, including auctions. Distributors may choose their compliance strategy, but must demonstrate compliance quantitatively through CBIO holdings.

5) Transparency requirements
Individual targets must be made publicly available, and achievement percentage and applicable sanctions are published annually, creating reputational and market accountability on top of legal exposure.

Important Deadlines

  • Adoption: December 2017 (Law No. 13,576/2017).

  • Entry into force: on the date of publication, with the mandatory targets becoming effective within 180 days of sanction, and subsequent target structures phased as specified in the law.

  • Ongoing cadence: annual targets, annual individual targets, and annual publication of compliance/sanctions.

Current Status

In force and operational nationwide as Brazil’s core transport fuel decarbonisation compliance regime, it is supported by ANP regulatory materials and implementing decrees and rules referenced by the ANP RenovaBio legislative repository.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

Failure to achieve the individual target subjects the distributor to a penalty proportional to the number of CBIOs not demonstrated. The law specifies a penalty range that may vary by regulation from R$ 100,000 to R$ 50,000,000, without prejudice to other administrative and monetary sanctions under the law and related enforcement legislation, plus potential civil and criminal sanctions where applicable.

The law also provides for the publication of sanctions and achievement rates annually, which can amplify the business impact of enforcement.

Examples of Known Violations

RenovaBio has operated long enough that compliance failures are well understood as operational patterns:

  • CBIO shortfall at verification date: distributor fails to hold sufficient CBIOs to match its individual target due to poor forecasting, late procurement, or internal approval delays.

  • Market share and target reconciliation disputes: errors in determining relevant market share inputs lead to misestimated target planning and eventual shortfall.

  • Documentation gaps for target reductions: distributors attempt to claim reductions without meeting regulatory documentation requirements (multi-year supply agreements, qualifying terms).

  • Late CBIO issuance requests by producers/importers: missing the 60-day issuance request window causes permanent loss of issuance rights for those volumes, reducing CBIO supply and harming revenue expectations.

  • Certification non-compliance: producers fail audits or cannot sustain life-cycle assessment data quality, leading to suspension or cancellation risk for certification, undermining CBIO issuance eligibility.

Resources


Maílis Carrilho
Added by:
Maílis Carrilho
Sustainability Research Analyst
Maílis Carrilho is a Sustainability Research Analyst (Intern) at Net Zero Compare, contributing research and analysis on climate tech, carbon policies, and sustainable solutions. She supports the team in developing fact-based content and insights to help companies and readers navigate the evolving sustainability landscape.
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Added on Feb 9, 2026 by Maílis Carrilho ·