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Italy Legislative Decree 152/2006

Italy Legislative Decree 152/2006: Italy’s Environmental Code: Waste, Circular Economy and EPR Obligations for Businesses

Maílis Carrilho
Written by Maílis Carrilho
Updated on December 2nd, 2025

Summary

Italy’s Legislative Decree 152/2006 establishes the national framework for environmental protection, including rules for waste, water, air, soil, and environmental permitting. It imposes strict obligations on waste producers, carriers, and treatment operators, and establishes extended producer responsibility schemes for packaging, batteries, WEEE, and other products. Businesses must classify, store, transport, and document waste correctly, participate in relevant EPR systems, and comply with permit and reporting requirements. Penalties range from administrative fines to criminal sanctions.

Details

Jurisdictions
  • Italy
Exemptions

Legislative Decree 152/2006 is fully binding and applies to all waste producers, carriers, processors and obligated producers under EPR schemes.

Companies must:

Classify and manage waste according to hazardous/non-hazardous rules.

Maintain proper documentation (registers, electronic manifests).

Use authorised carriers and treatment facilities.

Participate in producer responsibility schemes where required.

Pay fees and fulfil reporting obligations under EPR systems.

Comply with separate-collection requirements.

Obtain necessary permits for waste and emissions.

Exceptions:

Some small producers may use simplified registers.

Specific industry sectors have tailor-made rules.

Exclusions exist for certain agricultural, mining or low-impact waste streams.

Deep dive

2 min read
Updated Dec 2, 2025

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What’s Required

Legislative Decree 152/2006 (“Codice dell’Ambiente”) is Italy’s overarching environmental law. It regulates waste management, extended producer responsibility, soil protection, water protection, air emissions, and environmental permitting.

For businesses, the law contains comprehensive obligations on:

  • Waste classification, storage, treatment, and traceability

  • Extended producer responsibility (EPR) for packaging, WEEE, batteries, and other streams

  • Separate collection requirements

  • Transport and documentation rules (including the electronic waste-tracking system)

  • Permits for waste treatment and emissions

  • Environmental impact assessment (EIA) obligations

Important Deadlines

  • The Code has been in force since 2006 and continuously updated.

  • EPR and waste-tracking deadlines depend on the specific stream (packaging, batteries, WEEE).

  • Digital tracking requirements have been progressively strengthened during the 2020s.

Current Status

  • Active and continuously updated to align with EU circular economy packages.

  • Italy uses producer-responsibility consortia (e.g., CONAI, COBAT, COREPLA, etc.) to meet obligations.

  • Enforcement has intensified in waste transport, construction waste, and illegal disposal.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

  • Extensive penalties for improper waste management, illegal transport, missing documentation, and violations of EPR obligations.

  • Fines vary from administrative sanctions to criminal penalties in the case of illegal waste disposal or environmental harm.

  • Authorities may seize vehicles, suspend operations, or issue corrective orders.

Examples of Known Violations

Frequent enforcement actions involve:

  • Improper storage or classification of industrial waste.

  • Illegal transport without proper documentation.

  • Non-compliance with EPR registration or fee payments.

  • Construction waste mismanagement and illegal dumping.

Resources


Maílis Carrilho
Added by:
Maílis Carrilho
Sustainability Research Analyst
Maílis Carrilho is a Sustainability Research Analyst (Intern) at Net Zero Compare, contributing research and analysis on climate tech, carbon policies, and sustainable solutions. She supports the team in developing fact-based content and insights to help companies and readers navigate the evolving sustainability landscape.
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Added on Dec 5, 2025 by Maílis Carrilho · Updated on Dec 2, 2025