Summary
Details
- Finland
Companies and municipalities can participate in voluntary circular economy agreements and Green Deal commitments.
Deep dive
- What’s Required
- 1. Limit primary raw-material consumption
- 2. Double resource productivity
- 3. Double circular material use
- 4. Develop circular markets
- 5. Use economic instruments
- 6. Promote digital circularity
- 7. Circular public procurement
- 8. Circular Economy Green Deal
- Important Deadlines
- Current Status
- Penalties for Non-Compliance
- Examples of Known Violations / Failure Modes
- Resources
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What’s Required
The Strategic Programme is a government policy framework rather than a standalone compliance law. It guides government measures, voluntary agreements, investment, legislation, and sector policy.
1. Limit primary raw-material consumption
Finland aims for total domestic consumption of primary raw materials in 2035 to be no higher than in 2015.
Natural resources used to manufacture products for export are excluded from this specific target.
2. Double resource productivity
Finland aims to double resource productivity by 2035 compared with 2015.
The objective is to generate more economic value while consuming fewer natural resources.
3. Double circular material use
The program also aims to double Finland’s circular material use rate by 2035 compared with the baseline situation.
4. Develop circular markets
Government measures support:
Recycled materials.
Longer product lifetimes.
Repair and reuse.
Circular services.
Resource-efficient manufacturing.
Secondary raw-material markets.
5. Use economic instruments
Potential measures include taxation and other economic incentives intended to encourage:
Reduced use of virgin resources.
Lower greenhouse gas emissions.
Circular service models.
Greater use of recycled materials.
6. Promote digital circularity
The program seeks to improve the traceability of materials and products through digital systems.
This includes better data on:
Material flows.
Product composition.
Secondary materials.
Resource efficiency.
7. Circular public procurement
Public authorities are encouraged to use procurement to increase demand for low-carbon and circular solutions in areas including:
Construction.
Mobility.
Energy.
Infrastructure.
8. Circular Economy Green Deal
One implementation mechanism is Finland’s Circular Economy Green Deal, through which companies, municipalities and other organizations can voluntarily commit to actions supporting the national circular economy objectives.
Important Deadlines
April 2021: Government adopted the Circular Economy Programme.
2024: Programme implementation was extended and reinforced.
2035: Main target year.
2035: Primary raw-material consumption should not exceed 2015 levels under the relevant national target.
2035: Resource productivity target is double the 2015 level.
2035: Circular material use rate target is also double the baseline level.
Current Status
Active national policy framework.
A 2026 government evaluation described the programme as an important and still relevant circular economy policy instrument.
Its current implementation increasingly interacts with the Circular Economy Green Deal, economic policy instruments, funding and sector-level circularity initiatives.
Penalties for Non-Compliance
None directly under the Strategic Programme.
Companies are not fined simply for failing to contribute to the national 2035 circular economy targets.
Legal penalties apply only where specific legislation implementing circular economy objectives creates binding obligations.
Examples of Known Violations / Failure Modes
Formal violations do not apply.
Relevant implementation risks include:
Natural-resource consumption failing to decline.
Circular material use increasing too slowly.
Weak secondary raw-material markets.
Insufficient circular product design.
Low participation in voluntary agreements.
Poor material traceability.
Investment barriers.
Failure to scale circular business models.
Lack of coordination between sectors.
Circular economy measures not delivering sufficient climate benefits.
Resources
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