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Canada Species at Risk Act (SARA)

Canada Species at Risk Act (SARA): Canada’s Species at Risk Act protects endangered wildlife and habitats

Maílis Carrilho
Written by Maílis Carrilho
Updated on December 22nd, 2025

Summary

SARA is a powerful biodiversity protection law that directly affects infrastructure, energy, and land-use projects. Its habitat protections and strict prohibitions create material regulatory risk and planning obligations for climate-related developments.

Details

Jurisdictions
  • Canada
Exemptions

Prohibitions apply automatically on federal lands and for aquatic species and migratory birds.

Criteria:

Permits are mandatory for any activity that could contravene SARA prohibitions.

Recovery strategies and action plans must be respected once finalized.

Exceptions:

Permits may be issued for activities that benefit the species, are required for public safety, or where impacts are incidental and mitigated.

Application on non-federal lands depends on provincial action or federal safety-net provisions.

Deep dive

2 min read
Published Dec 22, 2025

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What’s Required

Regulated parties must:

  • Avoid killing, harming, harassing, capturing, or destroying listed species.

  • Prevent destruction of critical habitat identified in recovery strategies and action plans.

  • Comply with permitting requirements for activities that may incidentally affect listed species.

  • Implement mitigation and monitoring measures where permits are granted.

Important Deadlines

  • 2003: Species at Risk Act entered into force

  • Ongoing: Species listings updated through Governor in Council decisions

  • Within statutory timelines, Recovery strategies and action plans must be prepared after a species is listed

  • Ongoing: Critical habitat protections apply once identified and legally described

Current Status

  • SARA is in force and actively enforced.

  • Listings, recovery strategies, and habitat designations are updated on an ongoing basis.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

  • Significant fines and imprisonment for individuals and corporations.

  • Directors and officers may be held personally liable.

  • Enforcement includes inspections, compliance orders, and prosecutions.

Examples of Known Violations

  • A renewable energy project must redesign infrastructure to avoid critical habitat.

  • A mining project may require a SARA permit and habitat offset measures.

Resources


Maílis Carrilho
Added by:
Maílis Carrilho
Sustainability Research Analyst
Maílis Carrilho is a Sustainability Research Analyst (Intern) at Net Zero Compare, contributing research and analysis on climate tech, carbon policies, and sustainable solutions. She supports the team in developing fact-based content and insights to help companies and readers navigate the evolving sustainability landscape.
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Added on Dec 22, 2025 by Maílis Carrilho ·