Thin-Film Transistor (TFT)

A thin-film transistor (TFT) is a type of field-effect transistor made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor, insulating, and conductive materials onto a supporting substrate such as glass, plastic, or silicon. TFTs act as electronic switches or amplifiers and are widely used to control individual pixels in flat-panel displays, including LCD, OLED, and emerging perovskite displays. They are also used in image sensors, photodetector arrays, and other large-area electronics. Common TFT semiconductor materials include amorphous silicon, low-temperature polysilicon, and metal oxides. Their performance is influenced by factors such as charge-carrier mobility, switching speed, stability, uniformity, and manufacturing yield.