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Sustainable Steel Principles

Sustainable Steel Principles: Establish portfolio-level climate alignment and disclosure framework for financing of steel production assets

Maílis Carrilho
Written by Maílis Carrilho
Published Mar 23, 2026

Summary

The Sustainable Steel Principles (SSP) provide a financial sector framework to assess and disclose the climate alignment of steel-related lending and investment portfolios. By linking asset-level emissions intensity to sectoral decarbonisation pathways, the framework enables banks to evaluate whether financed steel production is consistent with net-zero trajectories.

Details

Jurisdictions
  • Global
Mandatory for

They are increasingly becoming functionally mandatory in contexts such as:

Sustainable finance frameworks.

ESG-linked lending and investment mandates.

Regulatory expectations on climate risk disclosure.

Voluntary for

The SSP are voluntary.

Exemptions

Exceptions may arise where:

Asset-level emissions data is unavailable.

Emerging markets lack reporting infrastructure.

In such cases, estimation methodologies must be disclosed.

Deep dive

5 min read
Published Mar 23, 2026

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What’s Required

The Sustainable Steel Principles are a sector-specific climate alignment and disclosure framework designed for financial institutions with exposure to steel production assets. Inspired by earlier sectoral finance frameworks, the SSP translates climate goals into quantitative portfolio management requirements, effectively embedding decarbonisation metrics into lending and investment decisions.

Although voluntary, the framework introduces methodological discipline and comparability in how financed emissions and alignment are assessed within the steel sector, which is among the most emissions-intensive industrial domains globally.

1. Scope of Application and Asset Coverage

The SSP applies primarily to:

  • Project finance and corporate lending to steel producers.

  • Equity and debt investments in steel manufacturing companies.

  • Refinancing of existing steel production assets.

Financial institutions must define the scope of their steel portfolio exposure, including:

  • Integrated steel plants (blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace routes).

  • Electric arc furnace operations.

  • Direct reduced iron facilities.

  • Downstream processing where emissions attribution is material.

Clear delineation of asset boundaries is required to ensure consistency in emissions attribution and avoid double-counting across financial portfolios.

2. Emissions Measurement and Attribution

At the core of the SSP is the calculation of financed emissions associated with steel production.

Institutions must:

  • Attribute emissions proportionally based on their share of financing relative to total enterprise value or project capital structure.

  • Use asset-level emissions data where available, including Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions.

  • Incorporate Scope 3 emissions where relevant, particularly upstream raw material extraction and downstream product use.

Data quality hierarchy is embedded in the methodology. Institutions must prioritise:

  1. Verified company-reported emissions data.

  2. Modelled estimates based on plant characteristics.

  3. Sectoral benchmarks where primary data is unavailable.

This ensures transparency regarding uncertainty in emissions calculations.

3. Carbon Intensity Metrics and Benchmarking

The SSP requires calculation of carbon intensity indicators for financed assets, typically expressed as:

  • Tons of CO2 per tonne of crude steel produced.

These metrics must be benchmarked against sectoral decarbonization pathways, which define emissions trajectories consistent with global climate targets.

Institutions must compare:

  • Current asset emissions intensity.

  • Projected emissions trajectory.

  • Benchmark pathway alignment.

This comparison determines whether a portfolio is aligned, misaligned, or transitioning relative to climate goals.

4. Portfolio Alignment Methodology

A key innovation of the SSP is the portfolio-level alignment assessment.

Financial institutions must aggregate asset-level data to produce a portfolio-wide alignment metric. This involves:

  • Weighting emissions intensity by exposure.

  • Mapping assets to technology pathways (for example, blast furnace versus hydrogen-based production).

  • Assessing forward-looking alignment using scenario analysis.

Forward-looking analysis is critical. Institutions must evaluate not only current emissions but also:

  • Planned capital expenditure by steel producers.

  • Technology transition strategies.

  • Policy and market developments affecting emissions trajectories.

5. Disclosure and Transparency Requirements

Participating institutions must publicly disclose:

  • Steel portfolio emissions intensity.

  • Degree of alignment with sector pathways.

  • Methodologies used for emissions calculation and benchmarking.

  • Changes in portfolio composition over time.

Disclosure must occur on an annual basis, ensuring consistency and comparability across reporting periods.

The SSP are designed to align with broader disclosure frameworks, including:

  • Climate-related financial disclosure standards.

  • Sustainability reporting frameworks.

  • Investor reporting expectations.

6. Client Engagement and Conditional Financing

The framework encourages active engagement with steel producers.

Financial institutions are expected to:

  • Engage clients on decarbonisation strategies.

  • Link financing conditions to emissions performance.

  • Support transition investments through structured finance.

This creates a feedback loop between finance and industrial decarbonisation, where capital access is increasingly contingent on climate performance.

7. Integration into Risk Management

The SSP requires integration of climate alignment metrics into internal risk management systems.

This includes:

  • Incorporating emissions intensity into credit risk assessment.

  • Evaluating transition risks associated with high-emission assets.

  • Stress testing portfolios under different carbon pricing scenarios.

As regulatory frameworks evolve, these metrics may also feed into prudential supervision and capital adequacy considerations.

Important Deadlines

Initial framework development: early 2020s

Reporting cadence: annual

Alignment horizon:

  • 2030: interim alignment with sector decarbonisation pathways

  • 2050: full alignment with net-zero emissions

Institutions are expected to update methodologies as sector pathways evolve.

Current Status

The Sustainable Steel Principles are in the early adoption phase, with participation from financial institutions seeking to align portfolios with climate goals.

The framework is gaining relevance as:

  • Industrial decarbonisation becomes a regulatory priority.

  • Investors demand transparency on financed emissions.

  • Carbon pricing and border adjustment mechanisms affect steel markets.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

There are no direct penalties under the SSP.

However, non-compliance may lead to:

  • Reduced investor confidence.

  • Exclusion from sustainable finance classifications.

  • Misalignment with regulatory disclosure expectations.

Where SSP methodologies are integrated into regulatory frameworks, inaccuracies may expose institutions to:

  • Disclosure-related enforcement actions.

  • Financial misstatement risks.

Examples of Known Violations

Observed implementation challenges include:

  • Inconsistent attribution of emissions across financing structures.

  • Overreliance on sector averages instead of asset-level data.

  • Lack of forward-looking analysis in alignment assessments.

  • Misclassification of transitional technologies as low-emissions pathways.

These issues can distort portfolio alignment results and undermine credibility.

Resources


Maílis Carrilho
Added by:
Maílis Carrilho
Sustainability Research Analyst
Maílis Carrilho is a Sustainability Research Analyst (Intern) at Net Zero Compare, contributing research and analysis on climate tech, carbon policies, and sustainable solutions. She supports the team in developing fact-based content and insights to help companies and readers navigate the evolving sustainability landscape.
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Added on Mar 23, 2026 by Maílis Carrilho ·