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India Carbon Credit Trading Scheme

India Carbon Credit Trading Scheme: Creates a national framework for pricing emissions through Carbon Credit Certificates

Maílis Carrilho
Written by Maílis Carrilho
Published Sep 14, 2026

Summary

India’s Carbon Credit Trading Scheme, or CCTS, creates a national framework for pricing greenhouse gas emissions through tradable Carbon Credit Certificates. The scheme was notified in 2023 and is implemented through a National Steering Committee co-chaired by the Ministry of Power and the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency acts as Administrator, and the Grid Controller of India functions as Registry. CCTS includes compliance and offset elements and is relevant for energy-intensive industry, power, manufacturing, carbon project developers, and financial institutions. It does not replace environmental permitting, energy regulation, corporate disclosure, or voluntary carbon market due diligence.

Details

Jurisdictions
  • India
Mandatory for

Mandatory where entities are notified under compliance obligations, emissions intensity targets or sectoral rules.

Voluntary for

Mandatory where entities are notified under compliance obligations, emissions intensity targets or sectoral rules.

Deep dive

3 min read
Published Sep 14, 2026

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What’s Required

1. Carbon market institutional framework

The CCTS establishes the institutional structure for the Indian Carbon Market.

Key institutions include:

  1. National Steering Committee for the Indian Carbon Market.

  2. Bureau of Energy Efficiency as Administrator.

  3. Grid Controller of India as Registry.

  4. Ministry of Power.

  5. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

  6. Accredited Carbon Verification Agencies.

  7. Covered obligated entities.

  8. Eligible offset project participants.

2. Carbon Credit Certificates

The scheme uses Carbon Credit Certificates as tradable instruments. Each certificate represents a verified emissions reduction, removal, or avoidance under the scheme rules.

Companies may need systems for:

  1. Emissions data.

  2. Energy and production data.

  3. Intensity target tracking.

  4. Verification evidence.

  5. Registry accounts.

  6. Certificate trading.

  7. Compliance surrender.

  8. Audit trails.

3. Compliance mechanism

The CCTS is designed to move India toward greenhouse gas emissions intensity targets. BEE materials state that the Ministry of Power, after considering recommendations from BEE and the National Steering Committee, recommends greenhouse gas emissions intensity targets to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change for notification under the Environment Protection Act, 1986.

This matters for:

  1. Energy-intensive industries.

  2. Power generation.

  3. Cement.

  4. Steel.

  5. Aluminum.

  6. Pulp and paper.

  7. Fertilizers.

  8. Petrochemicals.

  9. Refineries.

  10. Other sectors that may be notified.

4. Offset mechanism

BEE has issued materials on approved sectors for the offset mechanism under CCTS. This means the framework is not only a compliance market, but also includes pathways for eligible activities outside obligated sectors to generate certificates.

5. Verification and accreditation

The scheme relies on verification agencies and registry systems. Companies should prepare for formal monitoring, reporting, and verification processes before relying on certificates for compliance or claims.

Important Deadlines

  1. 2022: The Energy Conservation Amendment Act empowered the Indian government to specify a carbon credit trading scheme.

  2. 28 June 2023: The CCTS was notified under the Energy Conservation Act.

  3. December 2023: The CCTS was amended, according to Government of India materials.

  4. Ongoing: Sectoral targets, offset methodologies, verification rules and registry procedures continue to develop.

Current Status

The CCTS is active as India’s national carbon market framework. Government materials describe it as the Indian Carbon Market and identify its purpose as reducing, removing or avoiding greenhouse gas emissions by pricing emissions through Carbon Credit Certificates.

Current status:

  1. National framework notified.

  2. Institutional structure established.

  3. BEE serves as Administrator.

  4. Grid Controller of India serves as Registry.

  5. Compliance and offset components are being developed.

  6. Relevant for large industrial emitters and project developers.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

Penalties depend on implementing rules and sectoral obligations.

Possible consequences include:

  1. Compliance shortfalls.

  2. Inability to use certificates for compliance.

  3. Registry restrictions.

  4. Verification rejection.

  5. Regulatory action under notified rules.

  6. Buyer rejection for weak carbon claims.

  7. Reputational risk from poor data quality or double counting.

Examples of Known Violations / Failure Modes

Typical failure modes include:

  1. Assuming voluntary offset credits are equivalent to CCTS certificates.

  2. Weak emissions intensity data.

  3. Poor production data controls.

  4. Missing verification requirements.

  5. Using certificates before registry confirmation.

  6. Double counting reductions.

  7. Misstating scheme eligibility.

  8. Treating energy savings as verified carbon reductions without conversion under scheme rules.

  9. Ignoring future sectoral target notifications.

  10. Making carbon neutral claims without claim-specific evidence.

Resources


Maílis Carrilho
Added by:
Maílis Carrilho
Sustainability Research Analyst
Maílis Carrilho is a Sustainability Research Analyst (Intern) at Net Zero Compare, contributing research and analysis on climate tech, carbon policies, and sustainable solutions. She supports the team in developing fact-based content and insights to help companies and readers navigate the evolving sustainability landscape.
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Added on Sep 14, 2026 by Maílis Carrilho ·