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Colombia National Carbon Tax (Article 221/Law 1819)

Colombia National Carbon Tax (Article 221/Law 1819): Prices fossil fuel emissions and allows limited non-causation through certified carbon neutrality

Maílis Carrilho
Written by Maílis Carrilho
Published Sep 14, 2026

Summary

Colombia’s National Carbon Tax was created by Article 221 of Law 1819 of 2016 to price the carbon content of fossil fuels used for combustion and discourage greenhouse gas emissions. DIAN administers and collects the tax. Colombia also allows a regulated non-causation mechanism where eligible parties certify carbon neutrality, with procedures established through Decreto 926 of 2017. Legal sources state that non-causation may not exceed 50% of the tax caused. The policy is relevant for fuel suppliers, transport, aviation, industry, energy users, forestry, carbon project developers and offset buyers. It does not replace tax compliance, environmental permitting, fuel rules, corporate disclosure or carbon credit due diligence.

Details

Jurisdictions
  • Colombia
Mandatory for

Mandatory where fossil fuel tax liability applies.

Voluntary for

Carbon neutrality certification and use of the non-causation mechanism may be optional, but companies using it must follow the regulated procedure.

Deep dive

3 min read
Published Sep 14, 2026

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What’s Required

1. Carbon tax on fossil fuels

The tax applies to the carbon content of fossil fuels used for combustion. Legal sources describe the carbon tax as a charge on the carbon content of fossil fuels, including petroleum derivatives and fossil gas used for energy purposes when used for combustion.

2. Tax administration

DIAN administers and collects the national carbon tax and has tax enforcement powers for investigation, determination, control, discussion, refund, and collection.

3. Non-causation mechanism

The law provides a non-causation mechanism where eligible taxpayers certify carbon neutrality. Later rules created procedures for this mechanism, including Decreto 926 de 2017. Colombia’s Ministry of Environment states that the decree establishes the procedure for non-causation of the National Carbon Tax.

4. Carbon neutrality evidence

To apply the non-causation mechanism, companies must provide evidence of neutralization of the emissions caused by the relevant fossil fuel. Ministry guidance states that projects must be validated and removals verified by independent bodies accredited under ISO 14065 requirements, either by ONAC or by accreditation bodies that are members of the International Accreditation Forum under specified conditions.

5. Limits on non-causation

Colombian legal sources state that non-causation of the national carbon tax may not exceed 50% of the tax caused.

Important Deadlines

  1. 2016: Law 1819 created the National Carbon Tax.

  2. 2017: Decreto 926 established the procedure for non-causation of the National Carbon Tax.

  3. Ongoing: Taxpayers and fuel-chain actors must comply with tax, documentation, and non-causation procedures where applicable.

  4. 2050: Colombia’s carbon neutrality strategy aligns with the country’s long-term carbon neutrality objective, supported by programs such as the National Carbon Neutrality Program.

Current Status

The carbon tax remains part of Colombia’s climate policy toolkit. The Ministry of Environment describes it as an economic and market instrument for greenhouse gas mitigation, and Colombia also operates carbon neutrality programs to strengthen organizational emissions management.

Current status:

  1. Active national carbon tax.

  2. Applies to fossil fuel carbon content.

  3. Administered by DIAN.

  4. Includes a regulated non-causation mechanism.

  5. Connects to carbon neutrality certification and offset verification.

  6. Relevant to fuel suppliers, transport, aviation, energy users and carbon project developers.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

Possible consequences include:

  1. Tax assessment and collection action.

  2. Rejection of non-causation claims.

  3. Requirement to pay tax where neutrality evidence is insufficient.

  4. Penalties under tax law.

  5. Verification or accreditation issues.

  6. Reputational risk from weak carbon neutrality claims.

  7. Buyer rejection of low-quality offsets.

Examples of Known Violations / Failure Modes

Typical failure modes include:

  1. Claiming tax non-causation without proper certification.

  2. Using weak or unverified carbon credits.

  3. Failing to document fuel volumes and emissions equivalents.

  4. Missing validation or verification requirements.

  5. Treating tax neutrality as company-wide carbon neutrality.

  6. Double-counting reductions.

  7. Relying on projects with unclear ownership or permanence.

  8. Misunderstanding the 50% non-causation limit.

  9. Poor coordination between tax, legal and sustainability teams.

  10. Confusing Colombia’s tax mechanism with voluntary offsetting.

Resources


Maílis Carrilho
Added by:
Maílis Carrilho
Sustainability Research Analyst
Maílis Carrilho is a Sustainability Research Analyst (Intern) at Net Zero Compare, contributing research and analysis on climate tech, carbon policies, and sustainable solutions. She supports the team in developing fact-based content and insights to help companies and readers navigate the evolving sustainability landscape.
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Added on Sep 14, 2026 by Maílis Carrilho ·