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Canada Clean Fuel Regulations (CFR)

Canada Clean Fuel Regulations (CFR): Canada’s Clean Fuel Regulations require fuel suppliers to progressively reduce the lifecycle carbon intensity of fuels

Maílis Carrilho
Written by Maílis Carrilho
Updated on December 15th, 2025

Summary

The Clean Fuel Regulations require producers and importers of gasoline and diesel (primary liquid fossil fuels) to progressively reduce the lifecycle carbon intensity (CI) of the fuels they supply in Canada. The CI reduction requirements begin in 2023 with incremental reductions each year and increase toward a target level by 2030, contributing to lower greenhouse gas emissions from transportation fuels. The regime uses a credit system that allows regulated parties flexibility: credits can be generated through low-carbon fuel supply, lifecycle emissions reductions, or advanced technologies, and they can be traded or banked for compliance purposes. Compliance is measured annually against prescribed CI limits defined for each calendar year. This performance-based approach supports fuel decarbonization, clean technology deployment, and market-based compliance mechanisms.

Details

Jurisdictions
  • Canada
Exemptions

Compliance is mandatory for regulated primary fuel suppliers.

Criteria:

Annual carbon intensity reduction targets apply, increasing over time.

Reporting, verification, and recordkeeping obligations apply across compliance periods.

Exceptions:

Certain fuels and uses are excluded or treated differently under the Regulations.

Compliance flexibilities exist through the credit market, allowing regulated parties to meet obligations through eligible actions rather than direct fuel changes.

Small suppliers below prescribed thresholds may be excluded from some obligations.

Deep dive

2 min read
Updated Dec 15, 2025

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What’s Required

Primary suppliers of liquid fossil fuels must:

  • Reduce the lifecycle carbon intensity of fuels supplied in Canada against regulated reduction schedules.

  • Register under the regulatory system and submit annual compliance reports.

  • Generate, acquire, and retire compliance credits to meet annual reduction requirements.

  • Maintain detailed records on fuel volumes, carbon intensity calculations, and credit transactions.

Important Deadlines

  • 2022 (June 21/July 6): CFR was registered and published as SOR/2022-140, with regulatory text finalized and in force.

  • January 1 – June 30, 2023: Initial early compliance period under transitional CFR provisions.

  • 2023 Compliance Year (calendar year): First full compliance period, with carbon intensity reduction starting at approximately 3.5 gCO2e/MJ relative to 2016 baseline.

  • Each Calendar Year (2024–2030): Progressive annual CI reduction requirements apply, increasing year-on-year (e.g., reaching 14 gCO2e/MJ by 2030 under the regulatory schedule).

  • 2030: Target year for CFR carbon intensity ceiling, representing an approximate 15% reduction in lifecycle CI relative to 2016 levels.

Current Status

  • The Clean Fuel Regulations are in force and operational.

  • The framework replaces and expands upon earlier renewable fuel requirements by focusing on lifecycle emissions.

  • Credit markets and compliance infrastructure are active and evolving.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

  • Non-compliance may result in enforcement actions under CEPA.

  • Penalties include fines, compliance orders, and potential prosecution for serious violations.

Examples of Known Violations

  • A fuel producer supplying gasoline must reduce the average carbon intensity of its fuel pool or acquire sufficient credits to cover the annual requirement.

  • A renewable fuel producer can generate credits by supplying low-carbon fuels that displace higher-emission alternatives.

Resources


Maílis Carrilho
Added by:
Maílis Carrilho
Sustainability Research Analyst
Maílis Carrilho is a Sustainability Research Analyst (Intern) at Net Zero Compare, contributing research and analysis on climate tech, carbon policies, and sustainable solutions. She supports the team in developing fact-based content and insights to help companies and readers navigate the evolving sustainability landscape.
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Added on Dec 17, 2025 by Maílis Carrilho · Updated on Dec 15, 2025