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Australia Consumer Law

Australia Consumer Law: Australia’s Australian Consumer Law and ACCC guidance impose strict substantiation and accuracy requirements

Maílis Carrilho
Written by Maílis Carrilho
Updated on February 26th, 2026

Summary

Environmental claims in Australia are regulated primarily through the Australian Consumer Law (ACL), including the prohibition on misleading or deceptive conduct, and are actively enforced against “greenwashing”. The ACCC’s environmental claims guidance sets out how businesses should substantiate claims and the approach the ACCC may take in investigating breaches, making claims governance a core compliance function for sustainability messaging.

Details

Jurisdictions
  • Australia
Mandatory for

All businesses making environmental claims in trade or commerce, regardless of sector or size.

Exemptions

None meaningful. Even “informal” sustainability statements can be captured if they influence consumer decisions or market behaviour.

Deep dive

2 min read
Published Feb 26, 2026

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What’s Required

ACL section 18 prohibits misleading or deceptive conduct in trade or commerce. This applies to sustainability claims across marketing, packaging, websites, investor communications, and product labelling. It is technology-neutral: the same legal test applies to digital ads and “net zero” messaging.

ACCC guidance explains what businesses need to do to comply with ACL when making environmental claims and describes potential enforcement outcomes. Compliance means:

  • Claims must be specific, accurate, and backed by evidence available at the time the claim is made.

  • Qualifications and limitations must be clear, prominent, and not contradictory.

  • Claims about recycled content, offsets, renewable energy, and future transition outcomes must be supported by credible methodology and documentation.

High-performing compliance programs implement a “claims governance” model:

  • Central approval workflow for environmental claims (legal + sustainability + product/engineering).

  • A substantiation file for each claim family (scope, methodology, data sources, validity period, sign-off).

  • Change control when suppliers, materials, or processes change.

  • Training for marketing and sales teams.

  • Monitoring of third-party certification usage and label conditions.

Under ACCC guidance, risk is elevated for:

  • Broad claims like “eco-friendly”, “green”, “carbon neutral”, “net zero”, “100% recyclable”.

  • Claims that rely on offsets, future technology, or aspirational targets.

  • Claims about “ocean plastic” or highly emotive environmental attributes, where sourcing definitions are often misunderstood.

Important Deadlines

ACL obligations are continuous and apply immediately. The operational “deadlines” are internal: pre-launch review gates, campaign refresh cycles, supplier-change triggers, and incident response timeframes when a claim is challenged.

Current Status

The ACL is in force through the Competition and Consumer Act framework, and ACCC guidance on environmental claims is published and intended to shape compliance expectations and enforcement approach.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

Breaches can result in regulatory action, court proceedings, penalties, corrective notices, and compliance program orders. ACCC guidance outlines potential enforcement outcomes.

Examples of Known Violations

Common failure modes include:

  1. Claiming recycled content without supplier certificates, test results, or traceable evidence.

  2. Using “carbon neutral” language without a clear scope, boundary, and offset retirement evidence.

  3. Presenting future transition aspirations as if already achieved.

  4. Hiding key qualifications in fine print or inaccessible links.

  5. Reusing outdated substantiation after product changes.

Resources


Maílis Carrilho
Added by:
Maílis Carrilho
Sustainability Research Analyst
Maílis Carrilho is a Sustainability Research Analyst (Intern) at Net Zero Compare, contributing research and analysis on climate tech, carbon policies, and sustainable solutions. She supports the team in developing fact-based content and insights to help companies and readers navigate the evolving sustainability landscape.
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Added on Feb 26, 2026 by Maílis Carrilho ·