National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, commonly known as NASA, is an independent US government agency conducting research in aeronautics, space exploration, Earth science and advanced technology. Alongside its space programmes, NASA studies aircraft efficiency, propulsion, atmospheric emissions, air traffic systems and the climate effects of aviation. Its researchers participate in flight campaigns examining sustainable aviation fuels, soot particles and contrail formation, providing scientific data that can inform aircraft design, operational strategies and aviation environmental policy.