Bank of England (BOE)

The Bank of England is the United Kingdom's central bank, established in 1694 and headquartered in London. It is responsible for monetary policy, financial stability, banknote issuance, and the prudential regulation of banks, insurers, and major financial institutions through the Prudential Regulation Authority. The Bank manages the UK's foreign exchange reserves, operates key payment infrastructure, and works to maintain monetary and financial stability. In recent years it has also become influential in climate risk and sustainable finance policy through initiatives such as climate stress testing, climate disclosures, and the Climate Biennial Exploratory Scenario programme.