Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Model

An Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) model is an economic modelling framework that combines national input-output tables with environmental data such as greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, water use, or resource extraction. The model estimates the direct and indirect environmental impacts associated with producing and consuming goods and services across entire supply chains. EEIO models are widely used in carbon accounting and Scope 3 emissions estimation because they can generate emissions factors for economic sectors even when supplier-specific data is unavailable. Common examples include the US EPA’s USEEIO model and multi-regional databases such as EXIOBASE.